## Rational Points And Arithmetic Of Fundamental Groups

Author : Jakob Stix
ISBN : 9783642306747
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 27.56 MB
Format : PDF, Mobi

The section conjecture in anabelian geometry, announced by Grothendieck in 1983, is concerned with a description of the set of rational points of a hyperbolic algebraic curve over a number field in terms of the arithmetic of its fundamental group. While the conjecture is still open today in 2012, its study has revealed interesting arithmetic for curves and opened connections, for example, to the question whether the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only one against rational points on curves. This monograph begins by laying the foundations for the space of sections of the fundamental group extension of an algebraic variety. Then, arithmetic assumptions on the base field are imposed and the local-to-global approach is studied in detail. The monograph concludes by discussing analogues of the section conjecture created by varying the base field or the type of variety, or by using a characteristic quotient or its birational analogue in lieu of the fundamental group extension.
Category: Mathematics

## The Arithmetic Of Fundamental Groups

Author : Jakob Stix
ISBN : 9783642239052
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 49.81 MB
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In the more than 100 years since the fundamental group was first introduced by Henri Poincaré it has evolved to play an important role in different areas of mathematics. Originally conceived as part of algebraic topology, this essential concept and its analogies have found numerous applications in mathematics that are still being investigated today, and which are explored in this volume, the result of a meeting at Heidelberg University that brought together mathematicians who use or study fundamental groups in their work with an eye towards applications in arithmetic. The book acknowledges the varied incarnations of the fundamental group: pro-finite, l-adic, p-adic, pro-algebraic and motivic. It explores a wealth of topics that range from anabelian geometry (in particular the section conjecture), the l-adic polylogarithm, gonality questions of modular curves, vector bundles in connection with monodromy, and relative pro-algebraic completions, to a motivic version of Minhyong Kim's non-abelian Chabauty method and p-adic integration after Coleman. The editor has also included the abstracts of all the talks given at the Heidelberg meeting, as well as the notes on Coleman integration and on Grothendieck's fundamental group with a view towards anabelian geometry taken from a series of introductory lectures given by Amnon Besser and Tamás Szamuely, respectively.
Category: Mathematics

## Rational Points On Elliptic Curves

Author : Joseph H. Silverman
ISBN : 9783319185880
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 60.37 MB
Format : PDF, Kindle

The theory of elliptic curves involves a pleasing blend of algebra, geometry, analysis, and number theory. This volume stresses this interplay as it develops the basic theory, thereby providing an opportunity for advanced undergraduates to appreciate the unity of modern mathematics. At the same time, every effort has been made to use only methods and results commonly included in the undergraduate curriculum. This accessibility, the informal writing style, and a wealth of exercises make Rational Points on Elliptic Curves an ideal introduction for students at all levels who are interested in learning about Diophantine equations and arithmetic geometry. Most concretely, an elliptic curve is the set of zeroes of a cubic polynomial in two variables. If the polynomial has rational coefficients, then one can ask for a description of those zeroes whose coordinates are either integers or rational numbers. It is this number theoretic question that is the main subject of Rational Points on Elliptic Curves. Topics covered include the geometry and group structure of elliptic curves, the Nagell–Lutz theorem describing points of finite order, the Mordell–Weil theorem on the finite generation of the group of rational points, the Thue–Siegel theorem on the finiteness of the set of integer points, theorems on counting points with coordinates in finite fields, Lenstra's elliptic curve factorization algorithm, and a discussion of complex multiplication and the Galois representations associated to torsion points. Additional topics new to the second edition include an introduction to elliptic curve cryptography and a brief discussion of the stunning proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Wiles et al. via the use of elliptic curves.
Category: Mathematics

## Arithmetic Fundamental Groups And Noncommutative Algebra

Author : Michael D. Fried
ISBN : 9780821820360
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 70.65 MB
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The arithmetic and geometry of moduli spaces and their fundamental groups are a very active research area. This book offers a complete overview of developments made over the last decade. The papers in this volume examine the geometry of moduli spaces of curves with a function on them. The main players in Part 1 are the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb Q}$ of the algebraic numbers and its close relatives. By analyzing how $G_{\mathbb Q}$ acts on fundamental groups defined by Hurwitz moduli problems, the authors achieve a grand generalization of Serre's program from the 1960s. Papers in Part 2 apply $\theta$-functions and configuration spaces to the study of fundamental groups over positive characteristic fields. In this section, several authors use Grothendieck's famous lifting results to give extensions to wildly ramified covers. Properties of the fundamental groups have brought collaborations between geometers and group theorists. Several Part 3 papers investigate new versions of the genus 0 problem. In particular, this includes results severely limiting possible monodromy groups of sphere covers. Finally, Part 4 papers treat Deligne's theory of Tannakian categories and arithmetic versions of the Kodaira-Spencer map. This volume is geared toward graduate students and research mathematicians interested in arithmetic algebraic geometry.
Category: Mathematics

## Non Abelian Fundamental Groups And Iwasawa Theory

Author : John Coates
ISBN : 9781139505659
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 22.20 MB
Format : PDF, Docs

Number theory currently has at least three different perspectives on non-abelian phenomena: the Langlands programme, non-commutative Iwasawa theory and anabelian geometry. In the second half of 2009, experts from each of these three areas gathered at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge to explain the latest advances in their research and to investigate possible avenues of future investigation and collaboration. For those in attendance, the overwhelming impression was that number theory is going through a tumultuous period of theory-building and experimentation analogous to the late 19th century, when many different special reciprocity laws of abelian class field theory were formulated before knowledge of the Artin–Takagi theory. Non-abelian Fundamental Groups and Iwasawa Theory presents the state of the art in theorems, conjectures and speculations that point the way towards a new synthesis, an as-yet-undiscovered unified theory of non-abelian arithmetic geometry.
Category: Mathematics

## Rational Points On Modular Elliptic Curves

Author : Henri Darmon
ISBN : 9780821828687
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 83.83 MB
Format : PDF, ePub, Docs

The book surveys some recent developments in the arithmetic of modular elliptic curves. It places a special emphasis on the construction of rational points on elliptic curves, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, and the crucial role played by modularity in shedding light on these two closely related issues. The main theme of the book is the theory of complex multiplication, Heegner points, and some conjectural variants. The first three chapters introduce the background and prerequisites: elliptic curves, modular forms and the Shimura-Taniyama-Weil conjecture, complex multiplication and the Heegner point construction. The next three chapters introduce variants of modular parametrizations in which modular curves are replaced by Shimura curves attached to certain indefinite quaternion algebras. The main new contributions are found in Chapters 7-9, which survey the author's attempts to extend the theory of Heegner points and complex multiplication to situations where the base field is not a CM field. Chapter 10 explains the proof of Kolyvagin's theorem, which relates Heegner points to the arithmetic of elliptic curves and leads to the so-far best evidence for the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.
Category: Mathematics

## Diophantine Geometry

Author : Marc Hindry
ISBN : 9781461212102
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 59.19 MB
Format : PDF, Kindle

This is an introduction to diophantine geometry at the advanced graduate level. The book contains a proof of the Mordell conjecture which will make it quite attractive to graduate students and professional mathematicians. In each part of the book, the reader will find numerous exercises.
Category: Mathematics

## Galois Groups And Fundamental Groups

Author : Tamás Szamuely
ISBN : 9781139481144
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 30.9 MB
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Ever since the concepts of Galois groups in algebra and fundamental groups in topology emerged during the nineteenth century, mathematicians have known of the strong analogies between the two concepts. This book presents the connection starting at an elementary level, showing how the judicious use of algebraic geometry gives access to the powerful interplay between algebra and topology that underpins much modern research in geometry and number theory. Assuming as little technical background as possible, the book starts with basic algebraic and topological concepts, but already presented from the modern viewpoint advocated by Grothendieck. This enables a systematic yet accessible development of the theories of fundamental groups of algebraic curves, fundamental groups of schemes, and Tannakian fundamental groups. The connection between fundamental groups and linear differential equations is also developed at increasing levels of generality. Key applications and recent results, for example on the inverse Galois problem, are given throughout.
Category: Mathematics

## Higher Dimensional Varieties And Rational Points

Author : Károly Jr. Böröczky
ISBN : 9783662051238
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 27.4 MB
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Exploring the connections between arithmetic and geometric properties of algebraic varieties has been the object of much fruitful study for a long time, especially in the case of curves. The aim of the Summer School and Conference on "Higher Dimensional Varieties and Rational Points" held in Budapest, Hungary during September 2001 was to bring together students and experts from the arithmetic and geometric sides of algebraic geometry in order to get a better understanding of the current problems, interactions and advances in higher dimension. The lecture series and conference lectures assembled in this volume give a comprehensive introduction to students and researchers in algebraic geometry and in related fields to the main ideas of this rapidly developing area.
Category: Mathematics

## Brauer Groups And Obstruction Problems

Author : Asher Auel
ISBN : 9783319468525
Genre : Mathematics
File Size : 41.41 MB
Format : PDF, ePub, Mobi